It is necessary to develop markers of genetic screening, that will enable diagnostics of multifactorial diseases in the early stages and determine the effectiveness of their treatment. The aim of this work was to study the structural and functional features of chromatin and nuclei of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with chronic kidney disease, glomerulonephritis. 75 patients were examined. For cytological study smears of peripheral blood were made and conducted analysis of lymphocytes’ nuclei in interphase. Changes of the chromatin compaction, activity of nucleolar apparatus and morphologically changed nuclei were detected, reflecting the state of transcriptionally-translational process in the cell. The features of the structural and functional parameters of lymphocytes’ metabolism in patients according to sex and disease syndrome were established. Investigated cytological markers can be used for diagnostics this pathology at early stages and to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment.

The aim of study was to evaluate the activity of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) I-V st. It was shown that the development of CKD is accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation in the background of decreased activity of the antioxidant status. With the progression of CKD observed a significant elevation in lipid peroxidation activity - raising the levels of serum MDA and MDA erythrocytes. The activity was significantly decreased antioxidant status with the progression of the disease - reducing levels of SH-groups and on the total peroxidase activity of erythrocytes.

The study involved 88 patients with chronic pyelonephritis in the age from 18 to 74years. All patients determined the content of zinc in the blood, the level of catalase, superoxide dismutase in serum by standard methods. It was proved deficiency of essential microelement zinc and violation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant protection (AOP), which was expressed in decreased activity of antioxidant protection. Detection of zinc deficiency may be one reason for violations of LPO-AOP, requiring correction of imbalance of metals in the body and serve as a marker of infection severity and intensity of immune response.

In the article the problem of the influence of hyperuricemia on the development and course of cardiovascular disease are presented. Based on several studies it have shown that there is growing evidence about the negative impact of non-traditional risk factors such as hyperuricemia, microalbuminuria and others on the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases, including patients with chronic kidney disease. Based on data from clinical studies have shown that losartan can block the reabsorption of uric acid in the proximal tubules of the kidneys, reducing levels of uric acid in patients with chronic kidney disease, hypertension and asymptomatic hyperuricemia.

An article is devoted to improving efficiency of a hypertensive nephropathy treatment in patients with metabolic syndrome and postinfarction cardiosclerosis, based on the study of renal function on the level of microalbumin in the urine, depending on the state of insulin resistance and development of complex treatment with nebivolol and bisoprolol. It was revealed that increasing the level of microalbumin in the urine is the most significant in the case of basal and 2hr-postloading hyperinsulinemia, which makes it an unfavorable prognostic sign of insulin resistance and microalbuminuria as an indicator of the severity of nephropathy in patients with metabolic syndrome and postinfarction cardiosclerosis. It was determined that nebivolol in contrast to bisoprolol effectively decrease the level of microalbumin in the urine, which reduces the cardiovascular risk.

Assess impact of renal artery stenosis (RAS) angioplasty on renal function, need and timing of this procedure during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Changes of renal function parameters (urea, urea nitrogen and creatinine) were analyzed in 81 patients with RAS in combination with ischemic heart disease. Depending on the timing of RAS stenting in relation to the CABG operation patients were divided into 4 groups. Analysis of the data showed that regardless of time or performed RAS stenting or without it the investigated parameters of renal function hardly changed, decrease of blood pressure in all groups was apparent. Retrospective analysis of data showed that the elimination of RAS had no positive effect on renal function, however, helped to reduce blood pressure. Routine use of renal artery stenting for renal function improvement before CABG surgery has no advantages.

The aim of the study was to determine vegetative features of the act of urinating in overactive bladder and explore the possibility of correction adaptive capacity of the bladder, taking into account the background of vegetative regulation. Research has indicated that in somatically healthy women response to physiological filling bladder with the gradual formation of the urge to urinate is a segmental parasympathetic activation. In the group of patients with Overactive bladder and cystalgia in 78% of patients found decreased activity segmental mechanisms in the regulation of detrusor tone of compensatory tension subsegmental. Adaptation to intense urge to urinate is achieved tension central sympathetic influences. In 61% of patients with urgent Overactive bladder incontinence increase sympathetic activation has been observed for small filling bladder. In imperative urination output mechanisms of detrusor tone activation of the sympathetic segmental level while maintaining the increase subsegmental sympathetic influences. This suggests that even a slight filling bladder is seen as a significant physiological stress, accompanied by an increase in sympathetic influences.

Aims: The purpose of the present study was to compare the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with pyelonephritis with and without hyperoxaluria (depending on the availability of hyperoxaluria) and to establish the effect of hyperoxaluria to progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and methods: We investigated 94 women with chronic pyelonephritis (mean age 36.9±15.6 years). Patients were divided into II groups depending on the presence of hiperoxaluria. In the I-st group (n=50) there were women with hiperoxaluria (?450 mmol per day), in to the II group (n=44) we included patients without hiperoxaluria. Results: It was determined that the urine oxalate concentration and its daily excretion had inverse correlation with GFR (r=-0.45; p=0.01 and r=-0.48; p 0.001, respectively). Levels of proteinuria (r=0.47; p 0.001), urine fibronectin (r=0.38; p 0.001) and nitrite (r=0.22; p=0,03), and increased blood pressure (r=0.23; p=0.02) also had true direct correlation with hiperoxaluria. Average of GFR was significantly lower in patients with hiperoxaluria: 68.9±12.1 vs 81.2±13.6 (p 0.001). Moreover, we identified the significant increase of levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-a and IL-1ß) and ß2-microglobulin in patients of group I. Conclusions: We believe that hiperoxaluria is a potential risk factor for progression of CKD in patients with pyelonephritis.